A Worn-Out Welcome
نویسنده
چکیده
A 298 W hen Iceland became the first country to ban most forms of asbestos in 1983, 1 global use hovered around 4.3–4.7 million metric tons per year. 2 Twenty-five years later, with several dozen countries now implementing some form of ban, 1 that number had dropped to 2.1 million metric tons. 3 Today, while demand has plummeted in most developed countries, it continues to rise in those countries now rapidly industrializing. This is the backdrop for the Collegium Ramazzini's renewal 4 of its 1999 call 5 for a global ban on the mining and use of asbestos, which joins a growing chorus from national and international science, health, and labor organizations seeking to ban the mineral worldwide once and for all. " We're encouraged by how many countries now ban asbestos, but when you line up those that do not, including the United States, they encompass the majority of the population in the world, " says of the Collegium Ramazzini, and lead author of " The Case for a Global Ban on Asbestos " in this issue of EHP. 6 " This problem of asbestos continues to persist where there is the most vulnerable population and the least governmental regulation and enforcement. " The Nature of Asbestos A naturally occurring silicate mineral, asbestos is classified in two forms: amphibole (which includes amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite) and serpentine (also known as chrysotile). Long recognized for its insulating, fire-resisting, and sound-absorbing qualities, asbestos may be mixed with cement or woven into fabric and mats for building construction, vehicle parts, shipbuilding , and other uses. Chrysotile accounted for 95% of all the asbestos used in the twentieth century 7 and accounts for nearly 100% of the asbestos still mined and in circulation worldwide.
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